Elimination of Duration of Status: Summary & FAQs

Every time a nonimmigrant arrives at a U.S. port of entry, a Customs and Border Protection (CBP) officer determines how long the individual can remain in the United States and records that information on the individual's Form I-94. Importantly, this period of authorized stay is separate from the visa's validity issued by the Department of State. A visa allows a person to seek admission to the United States, while the I-94 governs how long the person is authorized to remain after admission.

Duration of Status (D/S) has been the admissions framework for F-1 students and J-1 exchange visitors (students and scholars) since the early 1990s. Rather than assigning a fixed expiration date, CBP generally admitted F-1 and J-1 nonimmigrants for a period that was referred to as “Duration of Status” (D/S). Under this system, an individual's lawful stay in the U.S. was tied to maintaining the requirements of their immigration status rather than to a specific calendar date.

For F-1 students and J-1 exchange visitors, this generally meant they could remain in the United States as long as they:

• were making normal progress toward completing their academic program or research objectives;
• complied with the requirements of their F-1 and J-1 status, including maintaining a valid SEVIS record and following applicable enrollment and employment rules; and
• if applicable, were participating in authorized F-1 Practical Training (OPT or STEM OPT) or J-1 Academic Training.

Schools and exchange program sponsors played an important role in this system by reporting the status and activities of students and exchange visitors through the Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS), enabling the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and the Department of State (DoS) to monitor ongoing compliance.

In practice, this meant that an F-1 student's or J-1 exchange visitor's Form I-94 typically listed “D/S” (see image to the left) instead of a specific expiration date. If an F-1 student required additional time to complete their academic program – for example, because of dissertation research or a change in academic program – the school's Designated School Official (DSO) could extend the student's Form I-20, allowing the student to continue in lawful F-1 status without having to apply to U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) for an extension of stay solely because more time was needed to complete the program. Similarly, if a J-1 exchange visitor's program required additional time – for example, a postdoctoral researcher being reappointed for an additional year – and the extension was permitted under the applicable exchange visitor regulations, the program sponsor could extend the participant's Form DS-2019, allowing the individual to remain in lawful J-1 status without filing an extension of stay application with USCIS.

The D/S framework also facilitated routine transitions that are common in academic and exchange programs. For example, F-1 students could move from one educational level to another – such as from a bachelor's program to a master's program – through SEVIS transfer (if changing schools) or change of level (if staying at the same school) and issuance of a new Form I-20 without applying to USCIS for an extension of stay. Likewise, F-1 students who began authorized OPT or a STEM OPT extension, and J-1 exchange visitors who engaged in authorized Academic Training, remained in valid F-1 or J-1 status under the same D/S admission. These transitions were considered a continuation of the individual's lawful period of stay and did not require an application to USCIS for an extension of stay.

Under this long-standing framework, the authorization to remain in the United States depended on maintaining valid status, not on repeatedly obtaining extensions of a fixed admission period. This approach remained the standard for more than three decades before DHS adopted the new final rule, which replaced D/S admissions with fixed periods of stay.

The rule was published on July 17, 2026, and is scheduled to take effect September 15, 2026, subject to the Congressional Review Act (CRA). Because it is classified as a major rule under the CRA, Congress has an opportunity to review it before implementation. Although Congress has the authority to delay or overturn the rule, this is relatively uncommon because it requires approval by both the House and Senate and the President's signature (or a veto override). If such action occurs, DHS will publish a notice in the Federal Register announcing the revised effective date or terminating the rule.

Beginning September 15, 2026, most F-1 students, J-1 exchange visitors, and their dependents will no longer be admitted to the United States for Duration of Status (D/S). Instead, they will generally receive a specific Admit Until Date (AUD) on their Form I-94 that establishes how long they are authorized to remain in the United States.

The rule changes how long individuals are admitted to the United States, but it does not change the eligibility requirements for F-1 or J-1 status, the length of academic programs, or the university's ability to sponsor students and scholars.

Admit Until Date (AUD)

The date on your Form I-94 indicating when your authorized period of admission expires.

Duration of Status (D/S)

The current admission system under which most F-1 and J-1 students and scholars may remain in the United States as long as they continue to maintain their immigration status. For new admissions on or after September 15, 2026, D/S will be replaced by a fixed period of admission.

Extension of Stay (EOS)

A request submitted to USCIS to obtain an additional period of authorized stay before the expiration of a current period of admission.

Form I-94

The official DHS record of admission that documents your immigration classification and authorized period of admission.

The rule generally applies to:

• F-1 academic students
• F-2 dependents
• J-1 exchange visitors
• J-2 dependents

Individuals in these categories admitted to the United States on or after September 15, 2026, will receive a date-specific admission instead of D/S.

The new rule introduces several significant procedural changes.

Individuals admitted under the new rule will:

• receive a specific expiration date on their Form I-94 instead of “D/S;”
• be admitted until the program or appointment end date shown on the Form I-20 or DS-2019, or four years, whichever is shorter;
• need to monitor the expiration date on their Form I-94 throughout their stay;
• need to request an Extension of Stay from USCIS or travel and re-enter if they will remain in the United States beyond their authorized period of admission; and
• receive a 30-day grace period after completing their program or authorized activity.

Many important aspects of F-1 and J-1 status remain exactly the same.

The new rule does not:

• change eligibility for F-1 or J-1 status;
• change admission requirements for academic programs or exchange visitor programs;
• shorten academic degree programs or research appointments;
• prevent universities from issuing Forms I-20 or DS-2019 for the full expected length of a student's academic program or scholar's appointment (which can exceed four years);
• change eligibility requirements for Curricular Practical Training (CPT), Optional Practical Training (OPT), STEM OPT, or Academic Training;
• change SEVIS reporting requirements;
• change visa issuance procedures; or
• establish a lifetime four-year limit on F-1 or J-1 status.

One of the most common misconceptions about the new rule is that students and scholars may remain in F-1 or J-1 status for only four years.

This is incorrect.

The rule generally limits the length of a single period of admission, not the total amount of time someone may study, conduct research, or participate in an exchange visitor program in the United States.

Many doctoral students, medical residents, postdoctoral researchers, and long-term exchange visitors routinely remain in their programs for longer than four years. Similarly, students who use practical or academic training might end up with a total period that exceeds four years. The new rule does not prevent remaining in the U.S. for more than four years, but F-1 and J-1 students and scholars who continue to qualify for their immigration status may obtain an additional period of authorized stay through an Extension of Stay or another lawful admission (i.e., travel and re-entry) before their current period of admission expires.

If you were admitted to the United States before September 15, 2026, you generally do not need to take immediate action.

Most current students and scholars who were admitted for Duration of Status (D/S) remain covered by the rule's transition provisions until they:

• depart and reenter the United States;
• obtain an Extension of Stay;
• change to another immigration status; or
• otherwise receive a new period of admission.

For many current students and scholars, nothing changes immediately on September 15, 2026.

International travel after the rule takes effect may affect your immigration status.

Individuals who depart the United States and are readmitted after September 15, 2026, will receive a new Form I-94 under the new admission system rather than D/S.

Before making international travel plans, students and scholars should understand how reentry may affect their authorized period of admission.

Under the new rule, your Form I-94 becomes one of your most important immigration documents because it establishes the date your authorized stay expires.

If you have not already been doing so, you should get into the habit of accessing and checking your most recent Form I-94 after every entry into the United States to confirm that the information is accurate.

Students and scholars whose academic programs, practical or academic training, or appointments extend beyond the expiration date shown on their Form I-94 will generally need to obtain another period of authorized stay before their current admission expires.

This may require either filing Form I-539, Application to Extend/Change Nonimmigrant Status, with USCIS or travel and re-entry.

OISS will provide additional guidance regarding Extension of Stay procedures as implementation guidance becomes available.

At this time, OISS recommends that students and scholars:

• continue maintaining their immigration status as usual;
• keep their passport valid at all times;
• review their Form I-94 after every entry into the United States;
• consult OISS before international travel if they are unsure how the new rule may affect them;
• monitor OISS communications for additional guidance and updates; and
• avoid relying on unofficial information or social media summaries, as several aspects of the rule remain subject to additional federal guidance.

The new rule changes how long you are admitted to the United States—not whether you qualify for F-1 or J-1 status.

Most current students and scholars admitted before September 15, 2026, generally remain under the transition provisions until a triggering event occurs.

The four-year limitation is generally a limit on a single period of admission—not on the total time you may remain in F-1 or J-1 status.

Your Form I-94 will become one of the most important immigration documents you should regularly review.

OISS will continue updating its guidance as DHS, DoS, USCIS, CBP, SEVP, and the Department of State issue additional implementation instructions.

This is the most fundamental change. Instead of being admitted for the duration of status (D/S), individuals applying for admission or a change of status to F-1, F-2, J-1, or J-2 status will be admitted for a fixed date (“Admit Until Date” or AUD) as recorded on their I-94 record.

For most students and exchange visitors, DHS will admit them until the end date of their Form I-20 or DS-2019 (i.e., their program end date), not to exceed four years, plus a 30-day grace period.

F-1 and J-1 students and scholars, and their dependents, will now be required to carefully track their fixed admission periods. You will need to carefully monitor your I-20 or DS-2019 program end date and your I-94 expiration date, and, if needed, file a timely extension of stay (EOS, more on this below).

The new rule fundamentally changes who authorizes an extension of stay and how extensions of stay work for F-1 students and J-1 exchange visitors, including J-1 students and scholars. Under the current system, F-1 and J-1 students and scholars are admitted for Duration of Status (D/S), meaning their lawful stay is tied to their SEVIS record and the completion of their authorized program or activity. A Designated School Official (DSO) for the F-1 program or Alternate Responsible Officer (ARO) for the J-1 program (Note: All OISS advisers are DSOs and AROs) can generally extend the program end date in SEVIS without requiring USCIS approval. Under the final rule, individuals will instead be admitted until a fixed Admit Until Date (AUD) on their I-94, and if they need additional time beyond the AUD for reasons such as an extension of their existing program, transferring from one school to another, moving academic levels, or use of post-completion practical training or academic training, they will need to obtain a USCIS-approved Extension of Stay (EOS) to remain in the United States beyond that date.

How will the new Extension of Stay process work?

1. Initial admission

When an F-1 student or J-1 exchange visitor enters the United States, CBP will issue an I-94 with a specific expiration date rather than “D/S.” The “Admit Until Date” (AUD) will be limited to the program end date noted on their Form I-20 or DS-2019, not to exceed 4 years, plus a 30-day grace period.

2. Program extension by the program sponsor

If additional time is needed to complete the program, the program sponsor will first determine whether the individual qualifies for an extension under existing regulations.

Examples include:

• An F-1 student needs additional time to complete a degree program due to compelling academic or medical reasons, such as changes of major or research topics, unexpected research problems, or documented illnesses.
• An F-1 student who requires additional time for a period of authorized practical training (OPT or STEM OPT).
• A J-1 student needing additional time to complete an academic program or authorized Academic Training.
• A J-1 research scholar, professor, or other exchange visitor needing additional time to continue the approved research, teaching, or training activity.

If eligible, the DSO or ARO (i.e., the OISS adviser) will:

• update the SEVIS record;
• issue an updated Form I-20 or DS-2019 reflecting the extended program or activity dates.

However, unlike under the current system, updating the SEVIS record alone will not necessarily extend the individual's lawful stay if the I-94 expiration date precedes the new program or activity end date.

3. Individual obtains a new period of admission

If additional time is needed beyond the expiration date on the I-94, the individual generally has two options to obtain a new period of authorized stay:

Option 1: Apply for an Extension of Stay (EOS) with USCIS

If additional time is needed beyond the individual's I-94 expiration date, the individual must file an Extension of Stay application (Form I-539) with USCIS before their I-94 expires (i.e., prior to their AUD).

The application will generally include:

• submitting the Form I-539 with the necessary filing fee (some might also need to or choose to pay a premium processing fee);
• updated Form I-20 or DS-2019;
• documentation supporting continued eligibility for F-1 or J-1 status;
• any additional evidence requested by USCIS to show maintenance of status.

USCIS will make the final decision on whether to approve the extension of stay.

If an Extension of Stay (EOS) application is timely filed before the program end date on the Form I-20 or DS-2019, both F-1 and J-1 nonimmigrants generally remain in a period of authorized stay while USCIS adjudicates the application. In addition, F-1 students may continue authorized on-campus employment, Curricular Practical Training (CPT), and severe economic hardship employment for up to 240 days while the EOS application is pending. Likewise, J-1 exchange visitors may continue participating in their approved exchange visitor program, including authorized Academic Training, and those whose employment is incident to J-1 status may continue that employment for up to 240 days while the EOS application is pending. Filing an EOS application does not create a new 240-day extension of an F-1 student's OPT or STEM OPT Employment Authorization Document (EAD); those benefits continue only through the validity period of the EAD and the applicable regulations.

An F-1 or J-1 nonimmigrant who does not file an EOS application before the program end date may still file a timely EOS application during the 30-day grace period (that is, before the expiration of the Form I-94 Admit Until Date). However, in that circumstance, the individual does not receive the automatic continuation of employment or training authorization described above. Although the individual may generally remain in the United States while the EOS application is pending, they must wait until USCIS approves the EOS application (and any required employment authorization, if applicable) before engaging in employment or training that requires continued authorization.

Option 2: Travel and reenter the United States

Instead of filing an Extension of Stay application, the individual may depart the United States and seek readmission in F-1 or J-1 status using a valid Form I-20 or DS-2019 (and a valid F-1 or J-1 visa, unless exempt from the visa requirement, such as citizens of Canada or Bermuda). If admitted, CBP will issue a new Form I-94 with a new Admit Until Date based on the updated program or activity dates and the requirements of the final rule.

Whether filing an Extension of Stay or traveling and reentering is the better option will depend on the individual's specific circumstances. Factors to consider include whether the individual already has a valid F-1 or J-1 visa or will need to apply for a new visa abroad; anticipated visa appointment availability and processing times; the possibility of administrative processing or a visa denial; any applicable travel bans, country-specific restrictions, or other entry limitations; and any personal immigration circumstances, such as a pending adjustment of status (green card) application or other immigration benefit that could be affected by international travel. For some individuals, traveling abroad and obtaining a new period of admission upon reentry may be the simplest and most efficient option. For others, the risks or practical challenges associated with international travel may make filing an Extension of Stay with USCIS the preferable—or in some cases, the only—viable option. You should carefully evaluate these considerations and consult with your designated OISS adviser before deciding which approach is most appropriate.

4. USCIS decides

If an EOS application is approved:

• USCIS grants additional time in the United States as reflected in the new I-94, which will be included at the bottom of the I-797 approval notice.
• The individual may continue the approved academic or research program, practical training, or academic training, subject to maintaining all other requirements.

If an EOS application is denied:

• The individual may no longer have authorization to remain in the United States after the denial.
• A denial could affect the ability to complete a degree or non-degree program, exchange activity, or continue employment authorization.

Under the new rule, F-1 and J-1 students and scholars will be admitted for the length of their program or activity or a maximum of four years, whichever is shorter.

Importantly, this rule does not change the program period that a school or exchange program may place on a Form I-20 or DS-2019. A school may continue to issue an I-20 or DS-2019 that reflects the full length of the academic program or exchange activity, even if that period exceeds four years. The four-year limit applies to the period of admission granted by CBP for admission at a port of entry on the individual's Form I-94 or USCIS for a change of status or extension of stay application; it does not limit how long a student may be enrolled in a program or how long a scholar may participate in an approved exchange activity.

The four-year maximum admission period is also not a cumulative cap on time spent in F-1 or J-1 status. An individual may remain in F-1 or J-1 status beyond four years if they continue to meet the requirements of their status and obtain any required Extension of Stay approval. Rather, the four-year period represents the maximum length of time for which CBP or USCIS may initially admit or approve an F-1 or J-1 nonimmigrant based on the end date listed on their Form I-20 or DS-2019, or, in the case of post-completion OPT or STEM OPT, the authorized employment end date listed on the Employment Authorization Document (EAD).

For individuals whose authorized program or activity extends beyond their initial admission period (AUD), an Extension of Stay (EOS) may be required. The examples below illustrate how the new rule may apply to common F-1 and J-1 scenarios.

Examples of How the Four-Year Admission Cap Will Apply

One-year F-1 master's degree program

You are a prospective F-1 student whose Form I-20 lists a master's degree program period from August 23, 2027 – May 22, 2028.

You may enter the United States up to 30 days before your program start date (for example, as early as July 24, 2027). CBP may issue your I-94 valid until June 21, 2028, reflecting your program end date plus the 30-day post-completion grace period.

If you complete your master's program and plan to begin a doctoral program in Fall 2028 or engage in post-completion OPT beginning in summer 2028, you will first need to obtain either a change-of-level Form I-20 or an OPT-recommended Form I-20 from your DSO (OISS adviser). You may then either (1) file a timely Extension of Stay (EOS) application with USCIS before your I-94 expires or (2) depart the United States and seek readmission in F-1 status using your updated Form I-20, if travel is the preferred option based on your individual circumstances.

Four-year F-1 bachelor's degree program

You are a prospective F-1 student whose Form I-20 lists a four-year bachelor's degree program period: August 22, 2027 – May 19, 2031.

You may enter the United States up to 30 days before your program start date (for example, as early as July 23, 2027). CBP may issue your I-94 valid until June 18, 2031, reflecting your four-year program period plus the 30-day post-completion grace period.

If you later need one additional semester to complete your bachelor's degree, you will need to request a program extension from your DSO (OISS adviser), receive an updated Form I-20, and demonstrate that the extension is warranted based on compelling academic or medical reasons. You may then either file a timely EOS application with USCIS before your I-94 expires or depart the United States and seek readmission with your updated Form I-20, if travel is the preferred option.

Six-year F-1 Ph.D. program

You are a prospective F-1 student whose Form I-20 lists a Ph.D. program period of six years: September 1, 2027 – August 31, 2033.

You may enter the United States up to 30 days before your program start date (for example, as early as August 2, 2027). Because the new rule limits your initial admission period to a maximum of four years, CBP would generally admit you only through September 30, 2031 (four years plus the 30-day post-completion grace period).

Because your program is six years and you will need additional time beyond the initial admission period (September 30, 2031) to complete the Ph.D. program, you will need to (1) file a timely EOS application with USCIS before your I-94 expires or (2) depart the United States and seek readmission using your updated Form I-20, if travel is the preferred option.

One-year J-1 research scholar/postdoctoral appointment

You are a prospective J-1 research scholar who receives a Form DS-2019 for a one-year postdoctoral appointment from September 1, 2027 – August 31, 2028.

You may enter the United States up to 30 days before your program start date (for example, as early as August 2, 2027). Because your appointment is less than the maximum admission period, CBP may admit you through the end of your authorized program period plus the 30-day grace period, until September 30, 2028.

If you are reappointed for a second year, from September 1, 2028 – August 31, 2029, your Responsible Officer (OISS adviser) will extend your SEVIS record and issue an updated Form DS-2019 reflecting your continued appointment and new program end date.

Because your extended appointment will continue beyond your original I-94 expiration date, you will need to obtain a new period of admission. You may either file a timely EOS application with USCIS before September 30, 2028, or depart the United States and seek readmission using your updated Form DS-2019, if travel is the preferred option.

Five-year J-1 research scholar appointment

You are a prospective J-1 research scholar who receives a Form DS-2019 for a five-year research appointment from September 1, 2027 – August 31, 2032.

You may enter the United States up to 30 days before your program start date (for example, as early as August 2, 2027). Because the new rule limits your initial admission period to a maximum of four years, CBP would generally admit you only until September 30, 2031.

To remain in the United States through the final year of your approved research appointment, you will need to obtain a new period of admission. You may either file a timely EOS application with USCIS before September 30, 2031, or depart the United States and seek readmission using your Form DS-2019, if travel is the preferred option.

The rule shortens the F-1 grace period from 60 to 30 days, aligning it with the J-1 visa classification.

This will affect departure, transfer, change of status, change of level, and practical training (OPT) timelines. Students will have much less time after graduation to make immigration decisions.

Under the transition provisions (more on this below), F-1 students who were admitted to the U.S. for Duration of Status (D/S) before September 15, 2026 will generally continue to benefit from the existing 60-day post-completion grace period. This will remain true until the student either travels outside the U.S. and is readmitted according to the new rule or obtains an Extension of Stay approved by USCIS.

Once the student is issued a new Form I-94 through either readmission after travel or USCIS adjudication of an Extension of Stay application, the student will be subject to the new fixed-period admission rules, including a specific Admit Until Date (AUD) and the new 30-day post-completion grace period.

The final rule creates a new regulatory concept of “educational objectives” and significantly limits the circumstances under which F-1 students may transfer schools or change their educational objectives. DHS defines “educational objectives” as a student's “major or educational level”. The restrictions differ substantially for undergraduate and graduate students.

What are “educational objectives”?

For purposes of the new regulation, a change in educational objective means:

• Changing majors (e.g., from Psychology to Neuroscience or adding a second degree)
• Changing educational levels (e.g., bachelor's to master's or master's to Ph.D.)
• Pursuing a second degree at the same level (e.g., master’s to master’s)

The term does not refer to ordinary course selection, concentrations, or academic progress within an existing degree program unless those changes constitute a change in major or educational level.

Undergraduate students

Students below the graduate level retain some flexibility, but with new restrictions. According to the new rule, during the first academic year, an undergraduate F-1 student may not:

• transfer to another school,
• change majors, or
• change educational levels,

unless SEVP approves an exception due to extenuating circumstances, such as a school closure or another extraordinary event.

Once the first academic year has been completed, undergraduate students may transfer to another institution, change majors, and change educational levels.

Graduate students

The final rule is considerably more restrictive for graduate students. With the new rule, an F-1 student at the graduate level or above will no longer be able to change educational objectives at any point during their program of study.

This means a graduate student generally cannot:

• change majors;
• change degree programs; or
• change educational levels

Examples

• A student admitted to an M.S. in Mechanical Engineering will not be able to switch to an M.S. in Computer Science after beginning the program.
• Similarly, a Ph.D. student cannot switch from a Ph.D. in Cell Biology to a Ph.D. in Cellular & Molecular Physiology while remaining in F-1 status.
• A student interested in a Joint Degree at Yale after already enrolling in one degree would not be able to add a second degree.

Again, SEVP may authorize an exception to this restriction for extenuating circumstances, including but not limited to a school closure or a school's prolonged inability to hold in-person classes due to a natural disaster or other cause.

Graduate school transfers

The final rule imposes significantly greater restrictions on graduate student transfers than the current regulations do.

It provides that an F-1 student at the graduate level may not transfer to another school “at any point during their program of study,” except in limited circumstances approved by SEVP (such as school closure or other extenuating circumstances).

One practical implication is for graduate students whose research depends on a particular faculty member. For example, if a Ph.D. student's principal investigator (PI) accepts a position at another university and relocates their laboratory, current regulations generally allow the student to transfer to that university and continue working with the same PI. Under the new rule, however, the student would not be permitted to transfer to the new institution mid-Ph. D. program solely to follow the PI, unless SEVP grants an exception based on extenuating circumstances. This could require the student to remain at the original institution, identify a new faculty adviser, or pursue another option if an exception is not available.

Importantly, the scope of this restriction is not entirely clear. The rule's wording seems to suggest that the prohibition applies only “during” an ongoing graduate program, rather than after its successful completion. Under this interpretation, a student enrolled in a master's program generally could not transfer to another institution before completing the degree. However, a student who completes a master's degree at one institution and is admitted to a Ph.D. program at another institution may still be able to transfer schools because the master's program has concluded and the student is pursuing a higher educational level.

DHS has not expressly confirmed this interpretation in the preamble to the final rule, and additional guidance from DHS or SEVP would be needed to clarify whether graduate students may transfer institutions after completing one graduate degree and before beginning a subsequent, higher-level program. Even if such a transfer is permitted, the student would still need to obtain a new period of admission under the new rule. This would require either filing a timely Extension of Stay application with USCIS or departing the United States and seeking readmission using the new Form I-20 issued for the subsequent program, depending on the student's circumstances.

Academic standing requirement

The rule also limits transfers and educational changes for students who are not making satisfactory academic progress.

Students who are:

• on academic probation,
• on academic suspension, or
• have demonstrated an inability or unwillingness to complete coursework (for example, repeatedly failing classes),

are generally not eligible to transfer schools or change educational objectives.

No lateral or downward/reverse progression after program completion

The final rule also expects students to move to a higher educational level after completing a program. According to the new rule, after completing a program, an F-1 student may not begin another program at the same or lower educational level while maintaining F-1 status.

Examples:

Permitted	Not permitted
Bachelor's → Master's	Master's → Second Master's
Master's → Ph.D.	Bachelor's → Second Bachelor's
	Master's → Graduate Certificate (same/lower level)

DHS clarified in the final rule that this restriction applies only to programs completed after the rule's effective date (September 15, 2026).

Important Note About Possible Delay of Academic Mobility Restrictions

DHS acknowledges that implementing some of the new academic mobility provisions may require updates to SEVIS and other government systems. As a result, the rule allows DHS, at its discretion, to postpone implementation of the provisions restricting transfers between schools, changes in educational objectives (major or educational level), and progression to same- or lower-level programs until September 14, 2028 if it determines implementation is not feasible. If DHS exercises this authority, it will notify the academic community through SEVP communications and provide at least 30 days' advance notice before the delayed provisions take effect.

The final rule contains transition rules that allow current F-1 and J-1 nonimmigrants admitted for D/S to remain in the U.S. in that status until a specified time. This transition provision applies to F-1 and J-1 students and exchange visitors who:

• were in the United States,
• were admitted for Duration of Status (D/S), and
• are properly maintaining their F-1 or J-1 status on September 15, 2026.

These individuals will not automatically receive a new date-specific I-94 on September 15, 2026.

If you are in the U.S. on September 15, 2026, in F-1 or J-1 status, and were admitted for D/S prior to the effective date, what will happen?

Instead of immediately becoming subject to the new fixed-period admission system, you will continue in F-1 or J-1 status until the latest of:

• your program end date on your current Form I-20 or DS-2019; or
• the expiration date of your Employment Authorization Document (EAD), if you are on OPT or STEM OPT.

However, there is one important limit: This transition period cannot extend beyond four years after September 15, 2026. That means the latest you could remain under the transition provision, if you never leave the U.S. after Sept 15, 2026, is:

• November 14, 2030 for F-1 students (four years plus the 60-day grace period); or
• October 15, 2030 for J-1 exchange visitors (four years plus the 30-day grace period).

If you were already participating in post-completion OPT, STEM OPT, or J-1 Academic Training on September 15, 2026, you may continue those activities until:

• the expiration date of your EAD (for F-1 practical training), or
• the authorized end date on your DS-2019 (for J-1 Academic Training),

provided you continue to meet all other requirements for practical or academic training.

Students in F-1 status, admitted in the United States for D/S, who have timely filed Form I-765 for post-completion OPT or a STEM OPT extension on or before March 18, 2027, will not be required to file an EOS application.

What if you were in F-1 and J-1 status, admitted for D/S on September 15, 2026, but then traveled outside the U.S. and re-entered after September 15, 2026?

If you exit the United States and re-enter on or after September 15, 2026, CBP will readmit you with a Form I-94 that includes a date-specific AUD with a 30-day grace period. You will no longer benefit from the transition provisions outlined above after your re-entry.

When do you need to file an Extension of Stay?

The transition provision also does not exempt you from the new Extension of Stay requirement indefinitely.

You must still file an Extension of Stay (Form I-539) with USCIS if you need additional time beyond what is authorized under the transition rule. This includes situations where you:

• need more time to complete your current degree program;
• apply for post-completion OPT or a STEM OPT extension beyond the transition period or travel and return on AUD after 9/15/2026;
• need additional time to complete a J-1 exchange program or Academic Training;
• want to begin a new academic program (for example, after completing a bachelor's or master's degree); or
• want to begin a new J-1 exchange visitor program.

Once USCIS approves your Extension of Stay application, you will move from the old Duration of Status system to the new fixed-date admission system.

Practical Examples of the Transition Rule

The following examples illustrate how the transition provision applies to individuals who were admitted to the United States in F-1 or J-1 status for Duration of Status (D/S) before September 15, 2026.

Current undergraduate student

You are an F-1 student at Yale College who began your bachelor's degree in Fall 2023 and are maintaining your F-1 status as of September 15, 2026. You are expected to graduate in May 2027.

You do not need to take any action when the new rule takes effect on September 15, 2026. You may continue your studies under the transition provision through your expected graduation date.

However, if you need an additional semester to complete your degree, or if you plan to apply for post-completion OPT to begin working in the United States after graduation, you will need to obtain either an extended Form I-20 or an OPT recommendation from your OISS adviser and file Form I-539 with USCIS before your current program end date.

Current Ph.D. student

You are an F-1 Ph.D. student in GSAS who began your doctoral program in Fall 2022. As of September 15, 2026, you are entering your fifth year of study and expect to complete your degree in 2028.

Although the new rule generally limits new admissions to a maximum of four years, you do not need to apply for an Extension of Stay simply because you have been in F-1 status for four years. Because you were admitted for Duration of Status before September 15, 2026, you may continue your Ph.D. program under the transition provision without taking any immediate action.

When your current Form I-20 approaches its program end date, if you need additional time to complete your Ph.D. program or if you will apply for post-completion OPT, you will need to obtain the appropriate Form I-20 from your OISS adviser and file Form I-539 with USCIS before your authorized stay expires.

Current J-1 postdoctoral scholar

You are a J-1 research scholar/postdoctoral researcher in the School of Medicine who began your appointment in July 2025. Your current Form DS-2019 expires in June 2027, and your department plans to reappoint you for an additional year.

You do not need to take any action when the new rule takes effect on September 15, 2026. You may continue your current J-1 program under the transition provision through the end date listed on your DS-2019.

If your department extends your appointment beyond June 2027, your OISS adviser will issue an updated Form DS-2019. If the extended appointment goes beyond the period authorized under your transition admission, you will need to file Form I-539 with USCIS before your current authorized stay expires to continue your J-1 program.

Key takeaway

If you are currently in F-1 or J-1 status and were admitted for Duration of Status (D/S) before September 15, 2026, you do not need to take any action simply because the new rule becomes effective. You will generally continue under the transition provision until the end date on your current Form I-20 or DS-2019, or until the expiration of your OPT/STEM OPT employment authorization, if applicable. Any travel outside the US and re-entry after September 15, 2026, or any EOS application you submit, will subject you to the new rule.

You will need to act only when you need additional time beyond your current authorized period, including if you:

• extend your academic program;
• apply for post-completion OPT or a STEM OPT extension (unless you remain in the US after September 15, 2026, are eligible and apply for OPT or STEM OPT before March 18, 2026);
• continue J-1 Academic Training; or
• begin a new academic program or exchange visitor program.

At that point, you may need to file an Extension of Stay application with USCIS to move into the new fixed-period admission system.

The new rule applies not only to F-1 students and J-1 exchange visitors, but also to their F-2 and J-2 dependent spouses and children because their immigration status is derivative of the principal's status. As a result, most of the changes above affecting F-1 and J-1 nonimmigrants will also affect their dependents.

Like the principal F-1 or J-1 nonimmigrant, F-2 and J-2 dependents will no longer be admitted for Duration of Status (D/S). Instead, they will receive an I-94 with a specific Admit Until Date (AUD) that generally matches the principal's authorized period of admission.

If the principal F-1 student or J-1 exchange visitor needs an Extension of Stay (EOS) because additional time is needed to complete an academic program, practical training, academic training, or an exchange visitor program, F-2 and J-2 dependents will also need to extend their status.

In most cases, dependents will file Form I-539 with USCIS at the same time as the principal applicant so that the family's periods of authorized stay remain aligned.

Dependents who are already in the United States in F-2 or J-2 status and were admitted for Duration of Status (D/S) before September 15, 2026 will generally benefit from the same transition provisions as the principal F-1 or J-1 nonimmigrant. This means they do not need to take any action when the new rule becomes effective. They will generally transition to the new fixed-period admission system when the principal applies for an Extension of Stay or otherwise becomes subject to the new admission framework (e.g., through travel and re-entry).

Employment authorization for J-2 dependents

The rule does not change the eligibility requirements for J-2 employment authorization. J-2 spouses may continue to apply for employment authorization if they otherwise qualify.

However, because a J-2 dependent's status is tied to the J-1 principal's period of authorized stay, any need for the J-1 principal to obtain an Extension of Stay may also affect the J-2 dependent's ability to maintain employment authorization. J-2 dependents should carefully monitor both the principal's I-94 expiration date and the validity of their Employment Authorization Document (EAD).

One of the most significant legal consequences of the new rule is that it changes when an F-1 or J-1 student or scholar begins accruing unlawful presence and, in many cases, when they become out of status.

Under the current Duration of Status (D/S) system, most F-1 and J-1 students and scholars do not begin accruing unlawful presence simply by overstaying a program end date or by violating their status. Instead, unlawful presence generally begins only after a formal determination by USCIS or an immigration judge that the individual has violated status, or after a denial of an immigration benefit request based on a status violation. This means that, in many cases, a student who unknowingly fell out of status did not immediately begin accruing unlawful presence.

The new rule replaces this framework with one tied to a fixed expiration date on the Form I-94.

How unlawful presence will work under the new rule

Under the new rule, every F-1 and J-1 student or scholar will have an Admit Until Date (AUD) on their Form I-94 (or will transition to one after filing an Extension of Stay or being readmitted to the United States). If you:

• remain in the United States beyond the I-94 expiration date without first obtaining an Extension of Stay or another lawful immigration status, or
• otherwise violate the terms of your admission,

you may immediately become out of status and begin accruing unlawful presence, without waiting for formal determination by USCIS or an immigration judge.

This aligns F-1 and J-1 nonimmigrants more closely with other temporary visa categories, such as H-1B or B-1/B-2 visitors, where lawful status is tied directly to the expiration date on the I-94.

Why does this matter?

This change significantly increases the importance of monitoring the I-94 expiration date. Under the current system, if you accidentally remain beyond the  I-94 Admit Until Date, you may, in some circumstances, still have an opportunity to correct the situation before unlawful presence begins to accrue. Under the new rule, missing the I-94 expiration date could have immediate immigration consequences. If you accrue:

• more than 180 days of unlawful presence before departing the United States, this may trigger a three-year bar to reentry.
• one year or more of unlawful presence, this may trigger a ten-year bar to reentry.

These bars have existed under current law but are likely to become more relevant for F-1 and J-1 students and scholars because the new rule creates a clear, date-specific expiration of authorized stay rather than the more flexible Duration of Status framework.

If you complete your degree within the period authorized on your Form I-94, you may never need to obtain another period of authorized stay while pursuing your undergraduate degree. However, if you later participate in Optional Practical Training (OPT), require additional semesters to complete your program, or otherwise remain in the United States beyond your Admit Until Date, you will generally need another period of authorized stay through either travel and readmission or an Extension of Stay.

Many students in one-year master's programs will complete their studies before their Form I-94 expires. However, students who plan to participate in OPT, continue directly into another degree program, or require additional time to complete their studies may eventually need another period of authorized stay.

If you were admitted to the United States for Duration of Status (D/S) before September 15, 2026, simply being beyond your fourth year of study does not require you to leave the United States or immediately apply for an Extension of Stay. Most doctoral students already in the United States will continue under the transition provisions until their current program end date (or EAD expiration date, if applicable), subject to the overall transition deadlines established by the regulation.

You will generally be admitted for a fixed period of time rather than Duration of Status. If your doctoral program extends beyond your initial period of admission, you may eventually need another period of authorized stay through either travel and readmission or an Extension of Stay.

If your department extends your appointment and OISS issues an updated Form DS-2019, you should determine whether your current Form I-94 remains valid for the entire reappointment period. If your current admission will expire before the extended appointment ends, you may need another period of authorized stay through travel and readmission or an Extension of Stay.

The rule does not eliminate OPT or STEM OPT. However, because post-completion employment often extends beyond a student's initial period of admission, many students will eventually need another lawful period of authorized stay. Whether an Extension of Stay is required depends on factors including when the student entered the United States, whether the transition provisions apply, the timing of any international travel, and the expiration of the student's current period of admission.

Beginning September 15, 2026, most individuals entering the United States in F-1, F-2, J-1, or J-2 status will no longer be admitted for Duration of Status (D/S). Instead, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) will generally issue a Form I-94 showing a specific Admit Until Date (AUD) that establishes how long the individual is authorized to remain in the United States.

Once that period of admission expires, individuals who need additional time generally must obtain another lawful period of authorized stay before their current admission ends. Depending on the circumstances, this may be accomplished through:

• international travel and readmission with valid immigration documents; or
• an approved Extension of Stay (EOS) from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

The most appropriate option depends on the individual's circumstances. Section F explains Extensions of Stay, and Section D discusses travel and readmission.

According to DHS, replacing Duration of Status with a fixed period of admission strengthens oversight of long-term nonimmigrant stays by requiring periodic review of continued eligibility. DHS stated that a fixed admission period creates greater consistency across immigration classifications and allows the government to periodically confirm that students and exchange visitors continue to qualify for their immigration status.

During the rulemaking process, universities, higher education associations, immigration attorneys, and many members of the public expressed concerns that the proposal would increase costs, administrative burdens, and uncertainty for students, scholars, and educational institutions. DHS acknowledged those concerns but concluded that the benefits of periodic review outweighed the additional burdens.

No.

One of the most common misconceptions about the new rule is that it creates a four-year limit on F-1 or J-1 status. It does not.

Instead, four years is generally the maximum length of a single period of admission. Students and scholars may remain in F-1 or J-1 status beyond four years if they continue to satisfy the applicable immigration requirements and obtain additional periods of authorized stay when necessary.

This is particularly important for doctoral students, medical residents, postdoctoral researchers, and many exchange visitors whose academic or research activities routinely extend beyond four years. Likewise, students participating in Optional Practical Training (OPT), STEM OPT, or J-1 Academic Training may also remain beyond four years when they continue to qualify for those benefits.

The new rule changes how additional time is obtained, not whether additional time is available.

The rule applies to:

• F-1 academic students;
• F-2 dependents;
• J-1 exchange visitors; and
• J-2 dependents.

However, how the rule applies depends largely on when you were admitted to the United States.

Individuals who enter the United States on or after September 15, 2026 will receive a fixed period of admission with an Admit Until Date shown on their Form I-94.

Individuals who were admitted in F or J status before September 15, 2026, for Duration of Status (D/S), are covered by special transition provisions established in the regulation. For many students and scholars already in the United States, nothing changes immediately when the rule takes effect.

The transition provisions are explained in detail in Section B.

No.

The rule does not change your immigration classification. You will continue to hold F-1, F-2, J-1, or J-2 status, and you must continue to comply with all existing requirements regarding enrollment, employment authorization, reporting obligations, address updates, and other conditions of your status.

Likewise, the rule does not change the purpose of your visa. A visa remains a travel document that allows you to request admission to the United States. It does not determine how long you may remain in the country after you are admitted.

Similarly, OISS will continue issuing Forms I-20 and DS-2019 that document the expected length of an academic program or exchange visitor activity in accordance with existing regulations.

What changes is the Form I-94, which becomes the document establishing the length of your authorized period of admission. Under the new rule, your Form I-94 may expire before your Form I-20 or DS-2019, making it important to monitor both documents carefully.

Section E explains the Form I-94 and Admit Until Date in greater detail.

Although the regulation is lengthy and complex, most students and scholars can remember six key principles:

• The rule changes how long you are admitted to the United States – not the requirements of F-1 or J-1 status.
• Your Form I-94 becomes one of your most important immigration documents because it establishes your authorized period of admission.
• Students and scholars already in the United States before September 15, 2026, generally remain covered by special transition provisions and usually do not need to take immediate action.
• Travel outside the U.S. and re-entry on or after September 15, 2026, will make you subject to the new rule.
• If you need additional time in the United States beyond your current period of admission, you will generally obtain it through either travel and readmission or an Extension of Stay, depending on your individual circumstances.
• Early planning is more important than ever. Understanding your Form I-94, monitoring your Admit Until Date, and consulting OISS well before your authorized stay expires will help you avoid unnecessary immigration complications.

For most students and scholars, no.

If you were lawfully admitted in F-1, F-2, J-1, or J-2 status before September 15, 2026, and your Form I-94 indicates Duration of Status (D/S), your admission does not automatically change when the new rule becomes effective.

Your current Form I-94 remains valid under the transition provisions established by DHS. The government will not automatically issue you a new Form I-94 with an Admit Until Date (AUD), and you do not need to leave the United States or immediately file an Extension of Stay simply because the rule has taken effect.

For many individuals, daily life – including studying, conducting research, teaching, authorized employment, and maintaining immigration status – continues exactly as it did before September 15, 2026.

The transition provisions continue until you receive a new period of admission or authorized stay under the new rule.

Common examples include:

• departing the United States and being readmitted;
• receiving an approved Extension of Stay from USCIS;
• changing to another immigration status; or
• another event specifically identified in the regulation.

Once one of these events occurs, your authorized stay will generally be governed by the new fixed-period admission system rather than by Duration of Status.

Until then, most individuals remain under their existing D/S admission.

Many students and scholars may remain under the transition provisions for several years without leaving the country.

However, the transition provisions are not indefinite.

If you neither travel internationally nor obtain an Extension of Stay, your D/S admission is limited by the transition deadlines established in the regulation:

• November 14, 2030 for most F-1 students; and
• October 15, 2030 for most J-1 exchange visitors.

After those dates, any additional time in F or J status generally must be based on an approved Extension of Stay or another lawful basis for remaining in the United States.

In practice, many students and scholars will transition to the new system well before these deadlines because they travel internationally, extend their academic programs or appointments, begin practical training, or experience another immigration event requiring a new period of authorized stay.

The answer depends primarily on whether you remain under the transition provisions or later receive a new fixed period of admission.

Many students graduating during the first several years after the rule takes effect will continue under the transition provisions if they remain in the United States and do not otherwise receive a new admission.

Students planning to apply for Optional Practical Training (OPT) or a STEM OPT extension during this academic year should pay particular attention to the rule's transition provisions.

Under the regulation, students who were admitted for Duration of Status before September 15, 2026, and who timely file Form I-765 for post-completion OPT or a STEM OPT extension on or before March 18, 2027, will not need to file a separate Extension of Stay solely because of that OPT or STEM OPT application.

The relevant date is the date USCIS receives the Form I-765, not the student's graduation date.

However, this transition benefit generally does not apply if the student travels internationally after September 15, 2026, is readmitted under the new admission system, and only then files for OPT or STEM OPT. In that situation, the student will generally need both:

• Form I-765 (Employment Authorization); and
• Form I-539 (Extension of Stay).

Students planning international travel during their final academic year should therefore discuss their plans with OISS before departing the United States.

(See Section G – Employment and Practical Training for additional discussion.)

No.

Simply being beyond your fourth year of doctoral study does not require you to leave the United States or immediately file an Extension of Stay.

If you were admitted in F-1 status for Duration of Status before September 15, 2026, your current admission generally continues under the transition provisions until the later of:

• your current Form I-20 program end date;
• the expiration of your Employment Authorization Document (if applicable); or
• the applicable transition deadline established by the regulation.

Many doctoral students will therefore continue their studies for several years after the rule takes effect without taking any immediate immigration action.

If you later require additional time—for example, because your dissertation research extends beyond your current Form I-20 end date or you plan to participate in post-completion OPT—you will generally need another lawful period of authorized stay through either travel and readmission or an Extension of Stay.

Additional guidance for doctoral students is provided in Section H – Students.

Yes.

An expired visa does not require you to leave the United States if you are otherwise maintaining your immigration status.

Your visa is used to request admission to the United States. Once admitted, your ability to remain lawfully in the country depends on your immigration status and your authorized period of admission—not the expiration date printed on your visa.

If you later travel internationally, however, you will generally need a new valid visa before returning to the United States, unless you are exempt from the visa requirement.

Not necessarily.

The regulation does not recommend avoiding international travel, and OISS does not recommend making travel decisions solely to remain under the transition provisions.

International travel remains an important part of academic and professional life. However, because travel after September 15, 2026, will generally result in admission under the new fixed-period admission system, students and scholars should understand how travel may affect their individual circumstances before making travel plans.

Important considerations include:

• visa validity;
• visa appointment availability;
• passport validity;
• pending immigration applications;
• travel restrictions or Presidential Proclamations;
• academic or research obligations;
• family considerations; and
• whether travel or an Extension of Stay is the more appropriate way to obtain additional authorized stay.

A detailed discussion of these considerations appears in Section D – International Travel and Reentry.

For many students and scholars already in the United States, no immediate action is required.

Instead, OISS recommends that you:

• understand whether the transition provisions apply to you;
• retain copies of your current immigration documents;
• review your Form I-94 after every future international trip;
• begin planning well before your current program or appointment ends; and
• consult OISS before making significant decisions involving international travel, program extensions, OPT, Academic Training, or changes in immigration status.

The transition provisions provide important flexibility for individuals already in the United States, but they are not permanent. Understanding when they end—and planning ahead before they do—is the best way to maintain uninterrupted immigration status.

For most students and scholars who were previously admitted for Duration of Status (D/S), the next time you return to the United States you will be admitted under the new rule.

Instead of receiving “D/S” on your Form I-94, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) will issue an Admit Until Date (AUD) that specifies how long you are authorized to remain in the United States.

For enrolled students the length of that admission will be the shorter of:

• the end date on your Form I-20 or Form DS-2019; or
• four years from the date of admission.

For F-1 visa holders in an approved period of OPT or STEM OPT:

• the end date on your Employment Authorization Document (EAD)

If your academic program or exchange visitor activity is expected to end before four years, your Form I-94 will generally expire on the program end date shown on your immigration document. If your program extends beyond four years, your initial admission will generally be limited to four years.

Yes.

For individuals who were admitted before September 15, 2026, under Duration of Status, international travel followed by readmission will generally end the transition provisions that previously allowed them to remain under D/S.

Once you are readmitted, your authorized stay will generally be governed by the new fixed-period admission system, including the requirement to obtain additional authorized stay before your Admit Until Date expires if more time is needed.

For many students and scholars, international travel will be the first event that moves them from the old system to the new one.

The answer depends on your individual circumstances.

In most cases, CBP will admit you until the earlier of:

• the end date listed on your Form I-20 or Form DS-2019; or
• four years from the date of admission.

Plus, a 30-day grace period.

Examples include:

Example 1 – Undergraduate Student

A student returns to the United States with an I-20 showing graduation in two years. The student will generally receive an Admit Until Date matching the I-20 end date plus a 30-day grace period because the program ends before four years.

Example 2 – Doctoral Student

A newly admitted Ph.D. student has an I-20 showing a six-year program. The student will receive a four-year admission plus a 30-day grace period because the program exceeds the maximum initial admission period.

Example 3 – J-1 Research Scholar

A research scholar returns with a DS-2019 ending eighteen months later. The scholar will generally receive an Admit Until Date matching the DS-2019 end date plus a 30-day grace period.

Your passport should generally remain valid for at least six months beyond the date you intend to enter the United States, unless your country participates in the Six-Month Club or another exception applies.

If your passport expires earlier than your expected academic program or exchange visitor activity, CBP may limit your period of admission based on your passport validity or require you to obtain a new passport before traveling.

Students and scholars should renew their passports well before expiration to avoid unnecessary complications during international travel.

There is no single answer that applies to everyone.

For some individuals, international travel may be the simplest way to obtain a new period of admission. For others, remaining in the United States and filing an Extension of Stay may be more appropriate.

Factors to consider include:

• whether you already plan to travel internationally;
• whether you have (or can obtain) a valid visa for reentry;
• visa appointment wait times and consular processing delays;
• whether you have a pending immigration application that could be affected by travel;
• travel restrictions or Presidential Proclamations that may affect your return;
• financial cost;
• academic or research obligations;
• family considerations; and
• the amount of additional time you need.

Because every situation is different, OISS cannot recommend one option over the other in every case. Students and scholars should consult OISS before making significant travel decisions if additional authorized stay may be needed.

Additional information about Extensions of Stay is provided in Section F.

After every international trip, students and scholars should promptly retrieve and review their new Form I-94.

In particular, verify that:

• your immigration classification is correct (F-1, F-2, J-1, or J-2);
• your Admit Until Date is consistent with your expected period of admission;
• your name and passport information are correct; and
• there are no obvious admission errors.

If you believe your Form I-94 contains an error, contact OISS as soon as possible. Errors are often easier to correct immediately after entry than weeks or months later.

Section E explains the Form I-94 and Admit Until Date in greater detail.

Not necessarily.

The new rule does not prohibit international travel, nor does it require students and scholars to remain in the United States to preserve their immigration status.

Travel remains an important part of academic life, including research collaborations, conferences, fieldwork, family visits, and visa renewal.

However, because travel after September 15, 2026, will generally result in admission under the new fixed-period system, students and scholars should understand how that change may affect future planning. In particular, individuals expecting lengthy doctoral programs, extended research appointments, or future employment authorization should understand how their new Admit Until Date may affect future immigration planning.

The best approach is not to avoid travel, but rather to travel with a clear understanding of how the new admission system works and to consult OISS when questions arise.

Form I-94 is the official record of your admission to the United States issued by U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). It documents:

• your immigration classification (such as F-1, F-2, J-1, or J-2);
• the date you entered the United States;
• your port of entry; and
• how long you are authorized to remain in the country.

Under the previous Duration of Status (D/S) system, most F-1 and J-1 students and scholars saw “D/S” on their Form I-94, indicating that they could remain in the United States as long as they continued to maintain their immigration status.

Beginning September 15, 2026, most new admissions will instead include an Admit Until Date (AUD) showing a specific date through which the individual is authorized to remain in the United States.

Because the Form I-94 establishes your authorized period of admission, it becomes one of the key documents that you should monitor throughout your stay.

These documents serve different purposes, and each remains important under the new rule.

Your visa

A visa is a travel document issued by a U.S. embassy or consulate abroad. Its purpose is to allow you to travel to a U.S. port of entry and request admission to the United States. A visa does not determine how long you may remain in the country after you are admitted.

Your Form I-20 or Form DS-2019

Your Form I-20 or Form DS-2019 is issued by your school or program sponsor. It documents your eligibility for F-1 or J-1 status and the expected duration of your academic program or exchange visitor activity. OISS will continue to issue these documents under the existing regulations.

Your Form I-94

Your Form I-94 is issued by CBP when you are admitted to the United States. Under the new rule, it generally establishes your authorized period of admission by showing your Admit Until Date (AUD).

These documents work together:

• Your visa allows you to seek admission.
• Your Form I-20 or DS-2019 supports your eligibility for admission.
• Your Form I-94 records your admission and establishes how long you may remain in the United States.

Students and scholars should retain copies of all three documents, as each serves a different legal purpose.

The Admit Until Date (AUD) is the date shown on your Form I-94 indicating the last day of your current authorized period of admission.

For most F-1 and J-1 students and scholars admitted after September 15, 2026, the AUD will generally correspond to:

• the program end date on the Form I-20 or Form DS-2019, if that period is less than four years, plus a 30-day grace period; or
• four years from the date of admission, if the program or exchange visitor activity extends beyond four years, plus a 30-day grace period.

Before your Admit Until Date expires, you must either:

• depart the United States;
• obtain another lawful period of authorized stay (such as through travel and readmission or an approved Extension of Stay); or
• otherwise maintain lawful status through another authorized immigration process.

Additional information about obtaining more time is provided in Section F – Extension of Stay.

This is one of the most significant practical changes under the new rule.

Under the previous Duration of Status system, the Form I-94 generally remained valid for as long as the student or scholar maintained status. Under the new rule, however, your Form I-94 may expire while your Form I-20 or DS-2019 remains valid.

For example:

• A newly admitted doctoral student with a six-year Form I-20 may receive a four-year (plus the grace period) Admit Until Date.
• A research scholar whose appointment is extended beyond the current period of admission may receive an updated DS-2019 but still need another period of authorized stay before continuing beyond the current AUD.

In these situations, the updated Form I-20 or DS-2019 does not automatically extend your authorized period of admission.

If you need additional time beyond your current AUD, you generally must obtain another lawful period of authorized stay before your current admission expires.

After each entry into the United States, you should retrieve and review your new Form I-94 as soon as it becomes available.

Confirm that:

• your name is correct;
• your immigration classification is correct;
• your passport information is accurate;
• your Admit Until Date appears consistent with your expected period of admission; and
• there are no other obvious errors.

Reviewing your Form I-94 promptly allows you to identify potential issues while they are often easier to correct.

OISS recommends saving a copy of every new Form I-94 for your personal immigration records.

If you believe your Form I-94 contains incorrect information—such as the wrong immigration classification, an incorrect Admit Until Date, or another admission error—you should contact OISS as soon as possible.

In many cases, admission errors can be corrected if identified promptly. Waiting until your authorized stay is about to expire may make resolving the issue more complicated.

Do not assume that an incorrect Form I-94 will automatically be corrected. If something appears inconsistent with your immigration documents or admission, seek guidance promptly.

OISS will continue to provide guidance and reminders as resources permit, but students and scholars are ultimately responsible for maintaining their own immigration status and monitoring the expiration of their authorized stay.

Under the new rule, it is especially important to:

• know your current Admit Until Date;
• monitor it throughout your program or appointment;
• begin planning well in advance if additional time will be needed; and
• consult OISS early if you anticipate needing an Extension of Stay or have questions about travel and reentry.

Developing the habit of periodically reviewing your immigration documents—particularly your Form I-94—will become an important part of maintaining F-1 or J-1 status under the new system.

An Extension of Stay (EOS) is a request submitted to USCIS to extend your authorized period of admission without leaving the United States.

Most F-1, F-2, J-1, and J-2 applicants will request an EOS by filing Form I-539, together with the required supporting documentation and filing fee.

If approved, USCIS will issue a new Form I-94 with a new Admit Until Date, allowing you to remain in the United States for the approved period (including a 30-day grace period).

An EOS extends your authorized stay, not your underlying academic program or exchange visitor activity. Before filing, students and scholars must first obtain any necessary extension of their Form I-20 or Form DS-2019 from OISS, if required.

Not everyone will need an EOS.

Many students and scholars will complete their academic programs, research appointments, or exchange visitor activities before their Admit Until Date expires.

An EOS may become necessary when:

• your academic program extends beyond your current Admit Until Date;
• your research or exchange visitor appointment is extended;
• you require additional time to complete degree requirements;
• you are admitted for four years but your doctoral program extends beyond that period;
• your OPT, STEM OPT, or Academic Training continues beyond your current authorized stay; or
• another circumstance requires additional time in F or J status.

Some individuals may instead obtain another period of authorized stay by traveling internationally and being readmitted.

Whether travel or an EOS is preferable depends on the individual's circumstances. (See Section D – International Travel and Reentry.)

You should begin planning well before your current Admit Until Date expires.

The regulation generally requires that an EOS application be received by USCIS before your current authorized period of admission ends. To benefit from certain automatic employment authorizations, you might also need to submit your EOS before your program end date, rather than the AUD, which typically includes a 30-day grace period.

Waiting until the last minute increases the risk of delays, missing documentation, or unexpected circumstances that could affect eligibility.

Because OISS may need time to issue an updated Form I-20 or Form DS-2019 before you can file with USCIS, students and scholars should contact OISS several months before their current Admit Until Date whenever possible.

Once USCIS receives a timely and properly filed EOS application, several important rules apply.

May I remain in the United States while my application is pending?

Generally, yes.

If your EOS application is properly filed before your current authorized stay expires, you may remain in the United States while USCIS adjudicates the application, even if your original Admit Until Date passes during the review process.

Remaining in the United States while the application is pending does not necessarily mean that every activity may continue, however. Employment authorization and international travel are governed by separate rules discussed below.

May I continue studying or participating in my exchange visitor program?

In most cases, students and scholars who timely file an EOS and otherwise continue to maintain their status may continue their academic program or authorized exchange visitor activities while the application remains pending, provided they continue to satisfy all applicable regulatory requirements.

It depends on your circumstances.

F-1 or J-1 On-campus employment, F-1 Curricular Practical Training (CPT), and J-1 Academic Training

Students who timely file an EOS before their program end date may generally continue otherwise authorized F-1 or J-1 on-campus employment, F-1 CPT, or J-1 Academic Training up to 240 days while their application remains pending, provided all other F-1 requirements continue to be met.

However, filing during the grace period does not qualify for the 240-day continuation. Although an EOS application may still be timely if filed during an applicable grace period, the continuation of employment or program participation described above generally applies only when the application is filed before the underlying Form I-20 or DS-2019 expires.

OPT and STEM OPT

Employment authorization associated with OPT and STEM OPT continues to be governed by the separate regulations applicable to those benefits.

Filing an Extension of Stay application does not automatically authorize an F-1 student to begin or continue post-completion OPT employment while the application is pending.

If a student's authorized stay expires when the program of study concludes, the student may file the Form I-539 Extension of Stay application and the Form I-765 employment authorization application concurrently. The student will generally remain in a period of authorized stay while the Extension of Stay application is pending but may not begin post-completion OPT employment until both the Extension of Stay and employment authorization applications are approved.

The rule does not provide a 240-day continuation of post-completion OPT employment authorization while an Extension of Stay application is pending.

A separate rule continues to apply to eligible students with timely filed STEM OPT extension applications. Under the existing STEM OPT regulations, a student whose STEM OPT application is pending may continue working for up to 180 days after the expiration of the current EAD, provided the student satisfies the applicable requirements.

International travel while an EOS application is pending may have significant immigration consequences.

In many cases, departing the United States before USCIS adjudicates the application may result in the EOS request being considered abandoned or otherwise affect the pending application.

Students and scholars should therefore consult OISS before making international travel plans while an EOS application is pending.

If travel is necessary, OISS can help determine whether withdrawing the EOS application and seeking a new admission through travel and reentry may be a better option.

If my application is approved

If USCIS approves your EOS application, it will generally issue a new Form I-94 showing your new Admit Until Date.

You may continue your studies, research, or exchange visitor activities through the approved period, provided you continue to satisfy all other immigration requirements.

If my application is denied

If USCIS denies your application, your ability to remain in the United States depends on the specific reason for the denial and your individual circumstances.

A denial may affect your lawful presence, employment authorization, and future immigration benefits.

Students and scholars whose EOS applications are denied should contact OISS immediately to discuss available options.

As of the publication of this FAQ, DHS has indicated that Extensions of Stay will generally be filed with USCIS using Form I-539.

The final rule does not fully address how premium processing will apply to these applications, and USCIS has not yet issued comprehensive implementation guidance regarding processing times or premium processing availability.

OISS will update this guidance as additional information becomes available.

Possibly.

F-2 and J-2 dependents generally receive the same period of admission as the principal F-1 or J-1 nonimmigrant.

If the principal applicant needs an Extension of Stay, dependents will generally also need to obtain additional authorized stay unless they independently obtain another lawful period of admission.

Dependents should ordinarily file together with the principal applicant whenever appropriate.

Additional information is provided in Section K – Dependents (F-2 and J-2).

No.

The final rule does not change the eligibility requirements for employment benefits already available under the F-1 and J-1 regulations.

Students and scholars must continue to satisfy all existing eligibility requirements for employment authorization, including enrollment, academic progress, reporting requirements, and any applicable USCIS approval requirements.

Instead, the rule changes how long you may remain in the United States while participating in those authorized activities.

No.

Eligible F-1 students may continue to engage in authorized on-campus employment under the existing regulations.

However, if your Form I-94 will expire before you complete your academic program, you must obtain another lawful period of authorized stay if you wish to remain in the United States.

If you apply for an Extension of Stay before the program end date on your Form I-20, the regulation generally allows authorized on-campus employment to continue for up to 240 days while the application is pending.

No.

The eligibility requirements for CPT are unchanged.

If your Form I-94 expires before you complete the academic program that supports your CPT authorization, you must obtain another lawful period of authorized stay.

Students who timely file an Extension of Stay before the program end date on their Form I-20 may continue authorized CPT for up to 240 days while the application is pending.

The final rule does not eliminate Optional Practical Training. Students who are otherwise eligible may continue to apply for OPT under the existing regulations.

However, because OPT often occurs after completion of the academic program, many students will need another lawful period of authorized stay before beginning OPT.

Whether an Extension of Stay is required depends on several factors, including:

• when the student entered the United States;
• whether the transition provisions apply;
• whether the student has traveled internationally since September 15, 2026;
• the expiration date of the student's current Form I-94; and
• the expected OPT employment period.

Students should therefore review their immigration documents with OISS before completing their academic program.

Yes.

The final rule includes special transition provisions for certain students who were admitted for Duration of Status before September 15, 2026.

Generally, students who:

• were admitted under Duration of Status;
• remain eligible for the transition provisions; and
• timely file Form I-765 for post-completion OPT on or before March 18, 2027

will not need to file a separate Extension of Stay solely because they applied for OPT.

The relevant date is the date USCIS receives the Form I-765. These transition provisions are temporary and apply only to the limited circumstances described in the regulation.

Generally, no. Filing an Extension of Stay application does not automatically authorize an F-1 student to begin or continue post-completion OPT employment while the application is pending.

If a student's authorized stay expires when the program of study concludes, the student may file the Form I-539 Extension of Stay application and the Form I-765 employment authorization application concurrently. The student will generally remain in a period of authorized stay while the Extension of Stay application is pending but may not begin post-completion OPT employment until both the Extension of Stay and employment authorization applications are approved.

The rule does not provide a 240-day continuation of post-completion OPT employment authorization while an Extension of Stay application is pending.

A separate rule continues to apply to eligible students with timely filed STEM OPT extension applications. Under the existing STEM OPT regulations, a student whose STEM OPT application is pending may continue working for up to 180 days after the expiration of the current EAD, provided the student satisfies the applicable requirements.

Students remain eligible for STEM OPT extensions under the existing regulations.

However, STEM OPT often extends well beyond the student's original period of admission.

Students should therefore determine whether their current Admit Until Date will remain valid throughout the STEM OPT period.

Like post-completion OPT, certain students may qualify for the special transition provisions if they timely file Form I-765 for a STEM OPT extension on or before March 18, 2027, provided they otherwise satisfy the requirements established in the final rule.

Students who travel internationally after September 15, 2026, before filing their STEM OPT application may instead become subject to the new admission system and may need both:

• Form I-765 (Employment Authorization); and
• Form I-539 (Extension of Stay).

Because the interaction between STEM OPT and the new admission system can be complex, students should consult OISS well before filing.

The rule does not eliminate Academic Training.

Eligible J-1 exchange visitors may continue to participate in Academic Training if they otherwise satisfy Exchange Visitor Program requirements.

If an Extension of Stay is timely filed before the program end date on the Form DS-2019, participation in Academic Training may generally continue for up to 240 days while the application is pending.

Applications filed during the 30-day grace period do not receive the 240-day continuation.

No.

An Extension of Stay and employment authorization are related but distinct concepts.

The regulation provides a limited continuation of certain employment and program activities (F-1 and J-1 on-campus employment, F-1 CPT, F-1 severe economic hardship, and employment incident to J-1 status) for up to 240 days when the Extension of Stay application is timely filed before the program end date.

Outside of those circumstances, filing an Extension of Stay does not automatically authorize continued employment.

No.

The 240-day continuation is a temporary benefit available while USCIS adjudicates a qualifying, timely filed Extension of Stay application.

USCIS will still independently determine whether the EOS application satisfies the regulatory requirements for approval.

The consequences depend on the facts of the individual case, including the reason for the denial and the type of employment involved.

If USCIS denies your application, contact OISS immediately so we can discuss your options and any required actions.

For many undergraduate students, the practical impact of the new rule will be limited.

Most Yale College students complete their program within four years. As a result, many students will receive a Form I-94 valid through the end of their academic program and may never need an Extension of Stay while pursuing their degree.

However, some students may need additional time because of:

• double majors;
• dual-degree programs;
• approved reduced course loads;
• medical leave;
• changes in academic plans; or
• other circumstances that legitimately extend the program.

If additional time is needed beyond the current Admit Until Date, students should consult OISS well before their authorized stay expires.

Needing additional time to complete a degree is not uncommon and does not automatically affect eligibility for F-1 status.

However, under the new rule, extending your Form I-20 alone generally does not extend your authorized period of admission.

If your academic program will continue beyond your current Admit Until Date, you may also need another lawful period of authorized stay through:

• an approved Extension of Stay; or
• international travel and readmission.

Planning ahead is especially important because obtaining an updated Form I-20 and, if necessary, filing an Extension of Stay can take time.

Most master's degree programs are one or two years in length.

As a result, most master's students will complete their degree before their initial period of admission expires.

Students planning to participate in Optional Practical Training (OPT), however, should pay particular attention to their Form I-94 because employment authorization often extends beyond completion of the academic program.

Students continuing directly into another degree program should also review their immigration documents with OISS before completing their master's degree.

Yes, provided you otherwise remain eligible for F-1 status and satisfy the applicable immigration requirements.

Completing one academic program and beginning a higher educational objective is generally treated differently from changing educational objectives in the middle of a graduate program.

Students moving from a completed master's degree to a Ph.D. program may generally continue their academic progression, subject to the applicable transfer, admission, and immigration requirements.

Students should work closely with OISS during this transition to ensure that both their academic documentation and authorized period of admission remain current.

(See Section I – Transfers and Educational Objectives.)

Doctoral students are likely to experience the greatest practical impact from the new rule.

Because many Ph.D. programs extend beyond four years, numerous doctoral students will eventually need another lawful period of authorized stay before completing their degree.

This does not mean doctoral students are limited to four years in F-1 status.

Rather, it means that many Ph.D. students will eventually need either:

• an Extension of Stay approved by USCIS; or
• a new period of admission following international travel.

Doctoral students should expect immigration planning to become a routine part of long-term degree planning.

Doctoral research frequently involves circumstances that cannot be predicted when a student first begins the program.

Examples include:

• additional research;
• unexpected experimental results;
• fieldwork delays;
• archival research;
• funding interruptions;
• dissertation revisions;
• advisor or committee changes; or
• other legitimate academic reasons.

If additional time is academically necessary, OISS may issue an extended Form I-20 when permitted under existing regulations.

However, if your current Admit Until Date expires before your revised program completion date, you will generally also need another lawful period of authorized stay.

The final rule requires F-1 students seeking an Extension of Stay to demonstrate a compelling academic reason for needing additional time.

Although DHS provides examples, the regulation recognizes that legitimate academic circumstances vary considerably.

Potential examples may include:

• dissertation completion;
• laboratory or research delays;
• required fieldwork;
• unexpected research findings;
• changes in research direction approved by the academic department;
• approved medical circumstances affecting academic progress; or
• other documented academic reasons recognized under the regulations.

Ultimately, USCIS – not the university – determines whether the statutory and regulatory requirements are satisfied.

OISS can guide students in preparing documentation but cannot guarantee approval.

The answer depends on your academic level and the nature of the change.

Undergraduate students retain flexibility to change majors after their first year consistent with university policies and immigration regulations.

Graduate students face significantly greater restrictions under the final rule. DHS has limited mid-program changes in educational objective and has also adopted new restrictions on transfers between institutions during a graduate program.

Students considering significant academic changes should consult OISS before making decisions that could affect their immigration status.

Additional guidance is provided in Section I – Transfers and Educational Objectives.

Leaves of absence, medical withdrawals, and other interruptions continue to be governed by the existing F-1 regulations and university policies.

However, because your authorized period of admission now has a specific expiration date, extended interruptions may require additional immigration planning.

Students anticipating an interruption in their academic program should consult OISS as early as possible so that the immigration implications can be reviewed before any action is taken.

Students do not need to become immigration experts, but they should become familiar with a few key concepts.

OISS recommends that students:

• understand when their Form I-94 expires;
• review their immigration documents after every international trip;
• begin planning several months before their program or appointment is expected to end;
• consult OISS before requesting program extensions, changing educational objectives, taking leaves of absence, or planning extended international travel; and
• keep copies of their Forms I-20, I-94, employment authorization documents, and other immigration records.

Early planning will become increasingly important under the new admission system and can help prevent unnecessary interruptions to academic progress.

The final rule distinguishes between undergraduate students and graduate students.

Undergraduate students are restricted from transferring to another school during their first year, but after that they retain the ability to transfer between schools, subject to the existing transfer procedures and eligibility requirements.

Graduate students are subject to a new restriction that generally prohibits transferring to another school at any point during their graduate program, except in very limited circumstances specifically approved by SEVP, such as school closure or other extenuating circumstances recognized by DHS.

This represents a significant departure from prior regulations and may affect students considering changes to their academic plans.

This is one of the most significant practical implications of the new rule for doctoral students.

Under the previous regulations, it was often possible for a doctoral student to transfer to another university in order to continue working with a faculty advisor whose laboratory relocated.

Under the final rule, however, a graduate student generally may not transfer institutions during the graduate program, even if the student's principal investigator accepts a position elsewhere.

For example:

A Ph.D. student's dissertation research is conducted in a faculty member's laboratory. During the student's fourth year, the faculty member accepts a position at another university and relocates the research laboratory. Under the previous regulations, the student could generally transfer to the new university and continue the dissertation research there. Under the new rule, that transfer would not be permitted unless SEVP approves one of the very limited exceptions established by the regulation.

Because this represents a substantial change from longstanding practice, affected students should consult OISS immediately if such a situation arises.

Generally, yes.

The regulation specifically provides that an F-1 student who completes one educational level in the United States and begins a new program at a higher educational level is considered to be maintaining F-1 status, provided all other F-1 requirements are satisfied.

For example, the following academic progression continues to be permitted:

• Bachelor's → Master's
• Master's → Ph.D.

This provision distinguishes academic progression after completing a degree from transferring during an ongoing academic program, which is subject to separate restrictions under the final rule.

In the preamble to the final rule, DHS explains that it generally relies on the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) framework to determine educational levels. The educational levels identified by DHS include:

• Primary and Secondary Education
• English Language Training (ELT)
• Postsecondary Certificate/Non-Degree Programs
• Associate Degree
• Bachelor's Degree
• Master's Degree
• Doctoral Degree

DHS also states that it intends to issue additional guidance explaining how these educational levels will be applied in practice and recommends that students consult their Designated School Official (DSO) regarding specific academic programs, including programs such as MD and JD that may not fit neatly into traditional degree classifications.

Although the regulation clearly permits progression to a higher educational level, some questions remain regarding how certain academic programs will be classified. For example, additional guidance may be needed for programs involving graduate or professional certificates, integrated or dual-degree programs, and professional degrees that do not align neatly with the traditional bachelor's–master's–doctorate sequence. OISS will continue to monitor DHS guidance as it becomes available.

Generally, no – but this restriction applies only to programs completed on or after September 15, 2026.

The regulation provides that an individual who completes a program in the United States on or after September 15, 2026, may not maintain, obtain, or be admitted in F-1 status for another program at the same educational level or at a lower educational level.

For example, if you will complete a degree on or after September 15, 2026, you generally may not use F-1 status to begin another program at the same or a lower educational level, such as:

• Bachelor's → another Bachelor's ❌
• Master's → another Master's ❌
• Ph.D. → another Ph.D. ❌
• Ph.D. → Master's ❌

By contrast, academic progression to a higher educational level continues to be permitted.

Importantly, this limitation is prospective only. DHS clarified in the preamble to the final rule that programs completed before September 15, 2026, do not count toward this restriction.

Example: If you earned a master's degree in May 2026 and will begin another master's degree in Fall 2026, you are not affected by this provision because your first master's degree was completed before September 15, 2026. However, if you complete a master's degree after September 15, 2026 and later wish to begin another master's degree, the new restriction would generally apply unless DHS provides an applicable exception or additional guidance.

This provision should not be confused with the restrictions on changing educational objectives.

The regulation separately recognizes that a change in a research topic, the need to refine a research topic based on initial research findings, unexpected research problems, or an unexpected change in faculty adviser may constitute compelling academic reasons supporting an Extension of Stay if additional time is needed to complete the degree.

For many graduate students, research naturally evolves as new discoveries are made, experiments produce unexpected results, or dissertation committees recommend changes in direction. As long as these changes occur within the same academic program and department and do not involve changing the student's educational objective (such as changing majors or degree programs), they generally would not be considered a prohibited change in educational objective under the regulation.

For example, a Ph.D. student in the Department of Chemistry who shifts from one dissertation topic to another within the Chemistry Ph.D. program would generally be continuing the same educational objective, even if the research focus changes significantly. By contrast, changing from a Ph.D. program in Chemistry to a Ph.D. program in Biomedical Engineering or another academic department may be considered a change in educational objective and could be subject to the new restrictions.

Because graduate research often evolves over time – and because DHS has indicated that additional implementation guidance may be issued – students should consult OISS before making significant academic changes that could have immigration implications.

Although the rule has an effective date of September 15, 2026, DHS indicated that it may delay or suspend implementation of the transfer and educational objective provisions through September 14, 2028 if implementation is not yet feasible.

If DHS exercises that authority, it will announce the delay or suspension in the Federal Register and on the SEVP Study in the States website. If not, these changes and restrictions will be effective as of September 15, 2026, like the rest of the rule.

Accordingly, students should continue to monitor OISS communications and consult with OISS before making decisions involving transfers or changes in educational objectives.

For J-1 exchange visitors entering the United States on or after September 15, 2026, the most significant change is that Form I-94 records will generally contain a specific Admit Until Date (AUD) rather than “D/S.”

The AUD establishes the exchange visitor's authorized period of admission.

If additional time is needed beyond that date, the exchange visitor generally must obtain another lawful period of authorized stay before the current admission expires, either through:

• international travel and readmission; or
• an approved Extension of Stay (EOS).

No.

The final rule does not change the maximum program durations established by the Exchange Visitor Program regulations.

For example, Research Scholars and Professors remain subject to the existing five-year maximum. Similarly, J-1 Short-Term Scholars, Specialists, Degree and Non-degree Students, Student Interns, and other categories continue to be governed by their existing regulatory limits.

Instead, the rule changes how long you are admitted at one time, not the overall maximum duration of participation permitted under the Exchange Visitor Program.

It depends on whether your current Form DS-2019 already covers the reappointment period.

If your department reappoints you within the dates already authorized on your current Form DS-2019, no immigration action may be necessary, provided your current Form I-94 also remains valid through that period.

If your reappointment extends beyond the current program end date on your Form DS-2019, OISS will first need to determine whether your exchange visitor program may be extended and, if appropriate, issue an updated Form DS-2019 reflecting the new program end date. Under the new rule, you will also need to obtain a new period of authorized stay. Depending on your individual circumstances, this may be accomplished by:

• traveling internationally and being readmitted to the United States with your updated Form DS-2019; or
• applying to USCIS for an Extension of Stay before your current period of admission expires.

Because both your exchange visitor program and your period of authorized stay must remain valid, it is important to work with OISS well before your current program end date and Form I-94 expiration date.

No.

Unlike F-1 students, the final rule does not require J-1 exchange visitors to demonstrate a compelling academic reason when applying for an Extension of Stay.

Instead, J-1 exchange visitors generally must continue to satisfy the eligibility requirements applicable to their exchange visitor category and maintain a valid exchange visitor program sponsored by an authorized program sponsor.

This is an important distinction between the F-1 and J-1 provisions of the final rule.

No.

The final rule does not eliminate or substantially modify Academic Training or other employment authorization available under the Exchange Visitor Program regulations.

Exchange visitors remain subject to the existing requirements governing employment authorization for their category.

However, if Academic Training or another authorized activity extends beyond the exchange visitor's current Admit Until Date, another lawful period of authorized stay may be required before continuing participation.

(See Section G – Employment and Practical Training.)

Most J-1 exchange visitors who were admitted for Duration of Status (D/S) before September 15, 2026, generally remain covered by the transition provisions discussed in Section C – Transition Provisions (Students and Scholars Already in the United States on September 15, 2026).

For many exchange visitors, nothing changes immediately on September 15, 2026.

The transition provisions generally continue until the exchange visitor:

• travels internationally and is readmitted;
• receives an approved Extension of Stay;
• changes immigration status; or
• otherwise becomes subject to a new period of admission under the regulation.

There is no universal answer.

Some exchange visitors may already plan to travel internationally for research, conferences, or personal reasons, making travel and readmission a practical way to obtain a new period of admission.

Others may prefer to remain in the United States and apply for an Extension of Stay through USCIS.

The appropriate approach depends on many factors, including:

• visa validity;
• international travel plans;
• research obligations;
• processing times;
• family circumstances; and
• the length of additional time needed.

OISS can help exchange visitors evaluate which option is most appropriate for their individual situation.

At this time, OISS recommends that exchange visitors:

• understand whether the transition provisions apply to them;
• monitor the expiration of their Form I-94 after every entry to the United States;
• begin discussing appointment extensions with their department and OISS well in advance;
• consult OISS before planning international travel if additional authorized stay may be needed; and
• maintain copies of all Forms DS-2019, I-94 records, employment authorization documents (if applicable), and related immigration records.

Early planning is especially important for long-term research scholars and professors whose appointments may span several years.

Like F-1 students and J-1 exchange visitors, most F-2 and J-2 dependents entering the United States on or after September 15, 2026 will generally be admitted for a fixed period of admission rather than Duration of Status (D/S).

Instead of “D/S,” their Form I-94 will generally include an Admit Until Date (AUD) establishing how long they are authorized to remain in the United States.

The new rule does not create a separate admission period for dependents. Their authorized stay generally corresponds to that of the principal F-1 or J-1 nonimmigrant.

In most cases, F-2 and J-2 dependents will receive the same Admit Until Date as the principal F-1 student or J-1 exchange visitor.

For example:

• If an F-1 student is admitted until August 15, 2030, the accompanying F-2 spouse and children will generally receive the same Admit Until Date.
• If a J-1 research scholar is admitted until the end date of the current DS-2019 plus a 30-day grace period, accompanying J-2 dependents will generally receive the same period of admission.

Because the family's immigration status is interconnected, it is important that all family members review their Form I-94 records after each entry into the United States.

Generally, yes.

If the principal F-1 or J-1 nonimmigrant needs additional authorized stay beyond the current Admit Until Date, accompanying F-2 or J-2 dependents will also need additional authorized stay unless they independently obtain another lawful immigration status or another period of admission.

Dependents are typically included in the same Extension of Stay filing as the principal applicant when appropriate.

Families should work with OISS before filing to ensure that all required applications are submitted together.

When the principal travels internationally and is readmitted, accompanying dependents who travel together will generally receive new Forms I-94 reflecting the new period of admission.

If dependents travel separately, each family member should carefully review their individual Form I-94 after returning to the United States to confirm that the correct immigration classification and Admit Until Date were issued.

Families should not assume that every member automatically received identical admission records.

If the principal F-1 or J-1 nonimmigrant changes to another immigration status, the dependent's eligibility to remain in F-2 or J-2 status may also be affected.

In many situations, dependents will need to:

• change to the corresponding dependent classification;
• independently qualify for another immigration status; or
• depart the United States.

Because these situations are highly individualized, families should consult OISS before filing any change-of-status applications.

No.

The final rule does not change the existing restrictions applicable to F-2 dependents.

F-2 spouses remain ineligible for employment authorization.

F-2 spouses and children continue to be subject to the existing regulations governing study and other activities permitted in F-2 status.

The new rule changes how long F-2 dependents are admitted, not the activities permitted while they remain in F-2 status.

No.

J-2 spouses remain eligible to apply for employment authorization under the existing USCIS regulations.

The final rule does not eliminate or substantially modify J-2 employment authorization.

However, if a J-2 spouse's employment authorization extends beyond the current Admit Until Date, additional authorized stay may be required before employment may continue.

J-2 dependents should monitor both:

• the validity of their Employment Authorization Document (EAD); and
• the expiration date of their Form I-94.

Both must remain valid for continued employment authorization.

Most dependents do not need to take immediate action solely because the new rule takes effect.

However, spouses and families should:

• review every new Form I-94 after international travel;
• ensure that passports remain valid;
• monitor the family's Admit Until Dates;
• coordinate travel and Extension of Stay planning with the principal applicant; and
• consult OISS before changes in employment, immigration status, or extended stays become necessary.

Planning together as a family can help avoid situations in which one family member's authorized stay expires before another's.